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| 2. |
- Shah, Faiz Ullah, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Interfacial Behavior of Orthoborate Ionic Liquids at Inorganic Oxide Surfaces Probed by NMR, IR, and Raman Spectroscopy
- 2018
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In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 122:34, s. 19687-19698
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Absorption modes and the reactivity of nonhalogenated ionic liquids (ILs) at inorganic oxide surfaces of γ-Al2O3, MgO, and SiO2 particles were characterized using multinuclear (11B, 31P, and 29Si) solid-state magic-angle-spinning NMR, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. ILs are composed of the trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium cation, [P6,6,6,14]+, and bis(mandelato)borate, [BMB]-, or bis(salicylato)borate, [BScB]-, anions. Spectroscopic measurements were performed on room-temperature (298 K) samples and samples exposed to 15 h at 373 K. The single-pulse 11B NMR data of heated [P6,6,6,14][BMB] mixed with the inorganic oxides showed a significant change in the spectra of the anion for all three oxides. In contrast, no such spectral changes were detected for heated [P6,6,6,14][BScB] mixed with the inorganic oxides. 31P MAS NMR data for the IL/metal oxide systems revealed interactions between [P6,6,6,14]+ and the surfaces of oxides. A significant intensity of 31P CP-MAS NMR signals indicated a low mobility of cations in these systems. The existence of strongly adhered surface layers of ILs on SiO2 particles was also confirmed by 1H-29Si CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy. FTIR and Raman spectroscopic data revealed strong interactions between the anions and the inorganic surfaces, and there is a strong correlation with the data obtained from NMR spectroscopy. Although their chemical structures are rather similar, the [BScB]- anion is more stable than the [BMB]- anion at the inorganic oxide surfaces.
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| 3. |
- Wang, Yong-Lei, et al.
(author)
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Atomistic insight into tetraalkylphosphonium-bis(oxalato)borate ionic liquid/water mixtures. I. Local microscopic structure
- 2015
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In: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 119:16, s. 5251-5264
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Atomistic simulations have been performed to investigate the microscopic structural organization of aqueous solutions of trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(oxalato)borate ([P6,6,6,14][BOB]) ionic liquid (IL). The evolution of the microscopic liquid structure and the local ionic organization of IL/water mixtures as a function of the water concentration is visualized and systematically analyzed via radial and spatial distribution functions, coordination numbers, hydrogen bond network, and water clustering analysis. The microscopic liquid structure in neat IL is characterized by a connected apolar network composed of the alkyl chains of [P6,6,6,14] cations and isolated polar domains consisting of the central segments of [P6,6,6,14] cations and [BOB] anions, and the corresponding local ionic environment is described by direct contact ion pairs. In IL/water mixtures with lower water mole fractions, the added water molecules are dispersed and embedded in cavities between neighboring ionic species and the local ionic structure is characterized by solvent-shared ion pairs through cation-water-anion triple complexes. With a gradual increase in the water concentration in IL/water mixtures, the added water molecules tend to aggregate and form small clusters, intermediate chain-like structures, large aggregates, and eventually a water network in water concentrated simulation systems. A further progressive dilution of IL/water mixtures leads to the formation of self-organized micelle-like aggregates characterized by a hydrophobic core and hydrophilic shell consisting of the central polar segments in [P6,6,6,14] cations and [BOB] anions in a highly branched water network. The striking structural evolution of the [P6,6,6,14][BOB] IL/water mixtures is rationalized by the competition between favorable hydrogen bonded interactions and strong electrostatic interactions between the polar segments in ionic species and the dispersion interactions between the hydrophobic alkyl chains in [P6,6,6,14] cations.
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| 5. |
- Rohlmann, Patrick, et al.
(author)
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Non-halogenated Ionic Liquid Dramatically Enhances Tribological Performance of Biodegradable Oils
- 2019
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In: Frontiers in Chemistry. - Laussanne : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-2646. ; 7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is demonstrated that a phosphonium orthoborate ionic liquid may serve as a wear reducing additive in biodegradable oils at steel-steel surfaces in the boundary lubrication regime. Tribological tests were performed in a ball-on-three plate configuration. A set of surface characterization techniques—SEM/EDS, FIB and white light interferometry were used to characterize surfaces following the tribotests and to observe the formation of any tribofilms. 11B NMR was used to follow changes in the composition of the ionic-liquid-oil blends and to identify boron-containing decomposition products after the tribotests. The ionic liquid reduces the wear of steel surfaces by up to 92% compared to the neat oil at 90°C; it is shown that the reduction in wear can be correlated with the formation of boron enriched patches in the boundary films.
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- Rusanova-Naydenova, D., et al.
(author)
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Synthesis and structural characterisation of solid titanium(iv) phosphate materials by means of X-ray absorption and NMR spectroscopy
- 2022
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In: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 51:21, s. 8192-8207
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Solid titanium phosphate, TiP, materials hold great promise for wastewater treatment for removal of metal ions and complexes. A series of TiP materials, synthesised at mild conditions and short reaction times, have been structurally characterised using solid-state X-ray absorption spectroscopy, phosphorus and titanium K edge XANES and EXAFS, and 31P and 47/49Ti NMR spectroscopy. The titanium K edge EXAFS data of α-Ti(HPO4)2·H2O (α-TiP) revealed octahedral coordination of oxygens around titanium. Repeated washing of primary β-/γ-TiP with hydrochloric acid results in formation of a weakly ordered solid, TiO(OH)(H2PO4)·H2O, TiP1-H. The structure of TiP1-H is shown by Ti EXAFS to be a titanyl compound, containing a short Ti O bond. The analogous data for linked titanium phosphate compounds (LTP) disclosed that inter-linkage occurs between α-TiP and titanyl phosphate units, supported by 31P-31P NOESY NMR data. 47/49Ti NMR and Ti pre-edge XANES show evidence of two different titanium environments in LTP, one very similar to that observed in TiP1-H and a second more symmetric octahedral environment. Data are discussed in terms of induced acidic hydrolyses of titanium(iv) and phosphate counterpart during washings with hydrochloric acid and water. A straightforward relation between synthesis parameters/post synthetic treatment and structural re-arrangement in the materials is established.
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| 7. |
- Hammond, Oliver S., et al.
(author)
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Molecular Architecture Effects on Bulk Nanostructure in Bis(Orthoborate) Ionic Liquids
- 2023
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In: Small. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A series of 19 ionic liquids (ILs) based on phosphonium and imidazolium cations of varying alkyl-chain lengths with the orthoborate anions bis(oxalato)borate [BOB]−, bis(mandelato)borate, [BMB]− and bis(salicylato)borate, [BScB]−, are synthesized and studied using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). All measured systems display nanostructuring, with 1-methyl-3-n-alkyl imidazolium-orthoborates forming clearly bicontinuous L3 spongelike phases when the alkyl chains are longer than C6 (hexyl). L3 phases are fitted using the Teubner and Strey model, and diffusely-nanostructured systems are primarily fitted using the Ornstein-Zernicke correlation length model. Strongly-nanostructured systems have a strong dependence on the cation, with molecular architecture variation explored to determine the driving forces for self-assembly. The ability to form well-defined complex phases is effectively extinguished in several ways: methylation of the most acidic imidazolium ring proton, replacing the imidazolium 3-methyl group with a longer hydrocarbon chain, substitution of [BOB]− by [BMB]−, or exchanging the imidazolium for phosphonium systems, irrespective of phosphonium architecture. The results suggest there is only a small window of opportunity, in terms of molecular amphiphilicity and cation:anion volume matching, for the formation of stable extensive bicontinuous domains in pure bulk orthoborate-based ILs. Particularly important for self-assembly processes appear to be the ability to form H-bonding networks, which offer additional versatility in imidazolium systems. © 2023 The Authors.
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| 8. |
- Pilkington, Georgia A., et al.
(author)
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Electro-responsivity of ionic liquid boundary layers in a polar solvent revealed by neutron reflectance
- 2018
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In: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 148:19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using neutron reflectivity, the electro-responsive structuring of the non-halogenated ionic liquid (IL) trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium-bis(mandelato)borate, [P6,6,6,14][BMB], has been studied at a gold electrode surface in a polar solvent. For a 20% w/w IL mixture, contrast matched to the gold surface, distinct Kiessig fringes were observed for all potentials studied, indicative of a boundary layer of different composition to that of the bulk IL-solvent mixture. With applied potential, the amplitudes of the fringes from the gold-boundary layer interface varied systematically. These changes are attributable to the differing ratios of cations and anions in the boundary layer, leading to a greater or diminished contrast with the gold electrode, depending on the individual ion scattering length densities. Such electro-responsive changes were also evident in the reflectivities measured for the pure IL and a less concentrated (5% w/w) IL-solvent mixture at the same applied potentials, but gave rise to less pronounced changes. These measurements, therefore, demonstrate the enhanced sensitivity achieved by contrast matching the bulk solution and that the structure of the IL boundary layers formed in mixtures is strongly influenced by the bulk concentration. Together these results represent an important step in characterising IL boundary layers in IL-solvent mixtures and provide clear evidence of electro-responsive structuring of IL ions in their solutions with applied potential.
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